ACS Journal for Science and Engineering

Global Navigation Satellite System in the Civil Surveillance

Krishna Samalla — 2024-03-01

In the contemporary landscape dominated by widespread Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) usage for various navigational applications across aerial and terrestrial domains, route determination efficiency is increasingly reliant on the accuracy of inputs derived from GNSS, primarily facilitated by GPS and associated modules. However, the rising occurrence of spoofing mechanisms has introduced distortions in this realm, necessitating thorough examination. The discernible impact of GNSS signals on seamless navigation underscores their pivotal role in precise path determination. Yet, sophisticated spoofing methodologies disrupt this, compromising the integrity of GNSS-derived information. Addressing these challenges requires closer scrutiny of vulnerabilities and the formulation of robust countermeasures to fortify the GNSS infrastructure. This research embarks on exploring adaptive filtering techniques tailored for detecting and eliminating spurious signals introduced by sophisticated spoofing mechanisms. The primary goal is to establish an uninterruptible and dependable GNSS system. The scientific foundation involves a rigorous examination of signal processing methodologies, with a focus on adaptive filtering algorithms adept at discerning original signals from falsifiedones. By delving into these intricacies of adaptive filtering, this research aims to enhance GNSS resilience against spoofing threats, considering the nuanced characteristics of spoofed signals, and developing strategies capable of distinguishing them from authentic GNSS signals. The scientific rigor extends to the formulation of algorithms attuned to dynamic signal variations, ensuring adaptability to evolving spoofing techniques. This scientific inquiry contributes substantively to GNSS security by advancing the theoretical foundations of adaptive filtering mechanisms. Through systematic experimentation and empirical validation, the research aims not only to detect but also to eliminate spoofed signals, fostering an environment where GNSS users can rely on an uninterrupted and resilient navigation system. The results obtained from this study carry the promise of guiding the advancement of advanced counter-spoofing technologies, safeguarding the enduring integrity and reliability of GNSS against continuously evolving adversarial tactics.

Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of Al alloy-based Bio Composite

R. Sibin Raj — 2024-03-01

Al6061 alloy is most commonly used in automotive industry, marine industry and aerospace industry applications to reduce weight and improve strength of the composite. Al6061 alloy used as matrix material. The powder of bone is used asreinforcement to produce the Al6061 alloy-based bio composite. As bone takes long period of time to decompose that will affect the environment and the people living near the disposal area of bone. Bone has good compression strength and it is light in weight, which helps to improve the strength of the Al6061 alloy composite. The Al6061 alloy-based bio composite is produced through powder metallurgy method and the samples were successfully obtained for testing and analysis. Theprepared samples are analysed for hardness test, compression test and wear test.

Aeroacoustics Analysis of Propeller Blade

S. V. Madhusudhana — 2024-03-01

Aeroacoustics analysis of propeller blades is a crucial aspect in the field of aerospace engineering, aiming to understand and mitigate the noise generated by rotating propellers. This study delves into the complex interactions between the aerodynamic forces acting on propeller blades and the resultant acoustic emissions. The analysis involves a comprehensive examination of the flow patterns, pressure fluctuations, and vortex shedding that contributes to the noise generation. Key factors influencing propeller noise include blade geometry, rotational speed, and tip Mach number. Understanding these parameters allows for the development of noise reduction strategies, including modifications to blade design, materials, and operating conditions. Additionally, advancements in active noise control systems may be explored to further attenuate propeller noise in real-time. The findings of this aeroacoustics analysis not only contribute to the design and development of quieter propeller systems but also have implications for environmental considerations and regulatory compliance. As the aerospace industry continues to evolve, minimizing the impact of aircraft noise becomes increasingly important, making aeroacoustics analysis an integral component of propeller design and optimization.

Designing a Self-healing Composite Material for Aerospace Structural Components

Arya Raj — 2024-03-01

The aerospace industry demands materials that exhibit incomparable durability and reliability under harsh functioning conditions. Composite materials have emerged as a promising solution due to their lightweight properties and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, these materials are susceptible to damage, which can compromise structural integrity and safety. To address this challenge, the concept of self-healing composite materials has garnered significant attention. This abstract presents a comprehensive overview of the ongoing research efforts aimed at designing self-healing composite materials for aerospace components. The primary objective is to investigate self-healing technologies in the aerospace industries. We explore various self-healing mechanisms, including microcapsule-based, vascular, and intrinsic healing, and their applicability to aerospace composites. The design process involves selecting compatible healing agents, encapsulation methods, and activation triggers while ensuring minimal weight gain and maintaining the material's mechanical properties. Furthermore, this abstract discusses the benefits and challenges of self- healing composites. Finally, to propose the potential application in aerospace industry and develop self- healing materials that are compatible with existing aerospace manufacturing and maintenance processes. In conclusion, the development of selfhealing composite materials holds great promise for enhancing the performance, safety, and sustainability of aerospace components.

Aerodynamic Study on Low Reynolds Number Aerofoil

V. Hemanth — 2024-03-01

Low Reynolds number refers to a specific range of values of the dimensionless parameter known as the Reynolds number (Re) in fluid dynamics. The Reynolds number is a critical factor used to characterize and predict fluid flow behaviour around objects or within fluid systems. Low Reynolds numbers (typically Re < 2000), laminar flow prevails, where fluid particles move in smooth, orderly layers with minimal mixing or turbulence. Low Reynolds number aerodynamics is a focal point of interest, especially for micro air vehicles (MAVs), drones, and small-scale aircraft. Understanding the nuanced aerodynamic performance of aerofoils and wings in this regime is pivotal for designing efficient and controllable flight systems, ushe ring in innovations in the field of aviation. The unique characteristics of low Reynolds number flow to advance technology, science, and our understanding of fluid dynamics.

Experimental Performance and Transient Analysis of Perched Cum Off-Center Wick Type Solar Still

C. Hariharan — 2024-03-01

An effort has been taken to devise, engineer and construct a new single slope tilted-wick solar still incorporated with perched wick in the water reservoir to decrease the heat capacity and increase the evaporating surface to produce higher distillate yield. An effective analytical model is developed in the context of energy balance equation to study the momentary behavior of the proposed still. The influence of saline water stream rate on the concert of the still has been studied for various flow rates viz., 0.0025, 0.0035 and 0.0045 kg/s. The still shows good performance with higher distillate output for the rate of flow of saline water 0.0025 kg/s. Theoretical results based on the thermal model are intact with the experimental results and the model can be used to simulate the still in various locations, to optimize the design and operational parameters for long term installation.

Design, Analysis and making of RC Controlled Stealth Aircraft Working Model

A. K. Arun — 2024-03-01

The project focused on the design, construction, and testing of a working model of an RC controlled stealth aircraft. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted, incorporating aerodynamics, electronics, materials, and control systems to achieve the desired performance. The aerodynamic design of the model involved careful consideration of the shape, contours, and
surfaces. The goal was to minimize radar reflections and reduce the infrared signature, leading to the incorporation of smooth and streamlined surfaces, blended wing profiles, and carefully shaped edges.RC channel mixing was implemented to coordinate the movements of control surfaces. This allowed for synchronized actions of ailerons, elevators, rudder, and flaps, facilitating precise maneuvering and stability during flight. By combining input signals from multiple control channels, the model's control surfaces operated seamlessly, emulating the behavior of larger stealth aircraft. The construction process focused on assembling a lightweight yet sturdy airframe using appropriate materials. Structural integrity was ensured to withstand the aerodynamic forces encountered during flight. Extensive testing and fine-tuning were conducted to optimize the model's performance, including stability, responsiveness, and stealth characteristics. The completion of the project resulted in a fully functional RC controlled stealth aircraft model.

Motion Parameter Estimation of Low Flying UAV using Acoustic Sensor

A. Rakeshwar — 2024-03-01

The field of acoustics is emerging as a significant supplementary modality that should be investigated and utilized in the development of intelligence and surveillance systems. These systems often depend on technology that is rooted in the singularity of electromagnetic fields. Acoustic sensors are preferred because of their affordability, robustness, and small size. They are also passive. Furthermore, sound energy can go beyond a line of sight. The current scenario can be used to the detection and localization of sound sources utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and ground-based Acoustic Sensors. An acoustic sensor placed on the ground detected the target's immediate frequency.An Acoustic Sensor above the ground generates Doppler altered frequency time records to determine flight characteristics. The Acoustical Doppler Effect causes the instantaneous frequency perceived to fluctuate on a straight-line trajectory with constant velocity.The Nelder-Mead technique is used to estimate the low flying UAV's motion characteristics based on the instantaneous frequency model.

Estimation of Base Drag for a Subsonic Missile Configuration using CFD

Aman Prakash — 2024-03-01

The purpose of the investigation was to comprehend base drag around a subsonic missile in the jet off situation. To quantify the base drag for various base geometries at various velocities and angles of attack, a CFD simulation has been run. When CFD simulation results are compared to those from other CFD solvers, they exhibit good agreement with respect to flow and base drag under cruising conditions.